Review of literature

Grand Canyon University Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases MRS.-IV Sandra White July 3, 2014 Epidemiology Hepatitis B We have come far in healthcare and everyday we get closer to solutions and can succeed in the understanding of disease processes unknown and foreign to us. We have been challenged many times by the illnesses that have taken so many lives but never in vain as when this unfortunate event has happened we have been able to get closer to a solution.The many diseases that have been a main factor in causing death are many however; we have come far in the vaccination process and treatments. In this paper we will focus on Hepatitis B. The virus that has been around for many years and was unknown to mankind until it became a global issues, causing scientists from all over the world to assess, evaluate and then research for a vaccination against this virus, in the 1965 by DRP Plumber however, it was licensed in the unites states in 1981 to be used as it showed a 90 or greate r % chance of treatment (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Writing about hepatitis B and talking about, people will understand that it is a virus which they should get vaccinated for or have their children vaccinated however, what truly is Hepatitis B and what does it do? Continuing on this important subject this writer will start off by explaining where this virus was discovered and where it could have manifested. We will also discuss the symptoms, treatment and environmental factors contributing to the disease. Including the nurses' role in the system. What can a health care worker contribute and teach the community?Hepatitis B (HUB) affects the liver of the infected person. It in turn causes scaring of he liver, liver diseases, death and liver cancer (CDC, 2014). The way a person can get infected in the first place varies. Many times one could get infected by blood ; open sores, sharing needles, unprotected intercourse and any other way of transferring blood from an exp osed person to an unexposed person. The infection is not such as HIVE, meaning you get infected once and then you raise immunity towards it and will not be exposed or get infected again.This also varies as some, will not get rid of the infection. If this occurs, where someone has been infected for more than six months hey will be considered a carrier and can easily without any sign and symptoms of infection, infect others. The symptoms vary from person to person however the main symptoms and side effects include and are not limited to, fever, Jaundice, abdominal pain, unexplained fatigue and unusual light colored stools, causing extreme gastrointestinal dysfunctions and pain (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).A damaged liver caused by the HUB can be detrimental. The liver is an organ we can not survive without, it is as it would be an engine, cleaning the system; clearing the load of waste products, drugs, making clotting factors to stop excessive bleeding after cuts and i njuries. It also produces immune factors and will remove bacteria from the blood. Furthermore, it also releases bile to help digest food and absorb many nutrients needed (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). HUB can cause liver cancer and if not treated immediately, it can be detrimental to the affected person.It is important to have a liver biopsy in this case and move forward with appropriate treatment such as any surgical removal of tumor or targeted liver chemotherapy. Treating and preventing this disease is mainly and most focused on certain age groups. It in this case has a demographic interest approach. Per the Hepatitis B Foundation, they report that the â€Å"risk of developing a chronic hepatitis infection is directly related to the age at which one becomes infected with the virus (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Per the Centers for disease control and prevention they report that the highest rated infected populations are infants with infected mothers, health care workers, intercourse between men, population who share needles between hem when using illicit drugs and any contact between infected and uninfected person. They continue to report that there is no acute treatment for an acute infection and that treatment is supportive, as many may also not have clear symptoms at first. Furthermore, per the world health organization, they report â€Å"more than 780 000 people die every year† form HUB in the world (WHO, 2014).The geographical distribution is such that the highest rate presents in the sub Sahara Africa and East Asia. We must understand that these are poor unprivileged areas in the world and cost likely and many times do not have enough access to education, vaccines or treatment. The world organization of health reports that most of these people in these areas are infected as children and 5-10 % of adults become chronically infected with HUB however, in general it is reported by WHO as well that 15-25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B- related liver cancer or cirrhosis. WHO, 2014). Again, the vaccine has been available for everyone since 1982 shortly after it was discovered in 1965. It has shown and proven to decrease the infection by 95% (CDC, 2014). However, funding and availability of transport and financial support is lacking to spread the vaccination to these regions and could, unfortunately take many more lives before a solution can be reached and adding that â€Å"HUB and HCI infections account for the majority of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer throughout most of the world† (Peer,J. F. , Armstrong, G. L, 2006).Further discussing the HUB this writer will contrast it towards the epidemiology triangle, which was founded and created by researchers to better understand and solve health problems including viruses and infections. By researching around the epidemiology triangle for Hepatitis B we can understand that there is an agent, whi ch in this case would be the HUB (virus), which, then will infect the host (a human). Vertex number three is the environmental factor researches pertain to as â€Å"where†, the condition of the host, the outside factors causing the agent to reside on host and infect it.For hepatitis B we have confirmed that all the factors exist. The agent (HUB) will enter the host whom would be the human blood cells, in other words, HUB infection is caused by the virus which will penetrate in to the cell and release its gnome into it. As we will not go into the details of the viral life cycle but including that per the Journal by Lu X and Block Timothy, in their research, † Study of early steps of hepatitis B life cycle† they report that the virus will infect its host by three stages called; attachment, fusion and entry.The research is still ongoing on the specifics of the complete cycle of the HUB (Lu & Block, 2004). The environmental factor includes dried blood on surfaces, whi ch is infected, and if another person will have contact with it. Another environmental situation can be the needles found on streets seed by drug users whom can have been infected as well. When healthcare workers work with blood pathogens and areas where they could easily be exposed it is important for them to be vaccinated before hand as this environmental factor could have a deadly turn out.So what is the role of the community nurse in this case and in regards to hepatitis B? As nurses are to advocate for their community it is also a responsibility for some to step up in their role and collect data and analyze the case findings within the community. In this regard it is important and in many cases also a requirement for a ruse to obtain a baccalaureate degree in nursing and to then establish partnership and collaboration with public health professionals.It is important for the public health nurse to involve the community and their awareness on public safety, vaccination and preven tion of diseases. Some ways a public health nurse can participate is to help clinics control communicable diseases, educate and participate in environmental sanitation, health education including schools as well. To control and manage results, increase or decrease of disease within the community, a nurse could for example collect data by questionnaires.Another way would be to collaborate with laboratories by collecting data and assessing the results Furthermore, nurses should follow up with every patient who might have been infected or could be at risk for infection by doing home calls or call patients back to assess results and contribute further in education. There are many national agencies one can choose to seek further information from or refer a client too; one of them is the center for disease control and prevention. Another major agency is the world health organization, which also covers on an international level.Another online site that can be viewed is Hepatitis B foundati on with tremendous amount of information and the latest updates on research. For the serving and veterans the VA has many resources as well that can be visited. As the information has become vast and with new technology discovered, we are get a little closer to a wider solution and treatment including prevention. There are still many vast majorities of regions that are in need of proper education and preventive care such as vaccines however, with the appropriate funding and health care providers this goal can also be reached. Review of literature Grand Canyon University Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases MRS.-IV Sandra White July 3, 2014 Epidemiology Hepatitis B We have come far in healthcare and everyday we get closer to solutions and can succeed in the understanding of disease processes unknown and foreign to us. We have been challenged many times by the illnesses that have taken so many lives but never in vain as when this unfortunate event has happened we have been able to get closer to a solution.The many diseases that have been a main factor in causing death are many however; we have come far in the vaccination process and treatments. In this paper we will focus on Hepatitis B. The virus that has been around for many years and was unknown to mankind until it became a global issues, causing scientists from all over the world to assess, evaluate and then research for a vaccination against this virus, in the 1965 by DRP Plumber however, it was licensed in the unites states in 1981 to be used as it showed a 90 or greate r % chance of treatment (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Writing about hepatitis B and talking about, people will understand that it is a virus which they should get vaccinated for or have their children vaccinated however, what truly is Hepatitis B and what does it do? Continuing on this important subject this writer will start off by explaining where this virus was discovered and where it could have manifested. We will also discuss the symptoms, treatment and environmental factors contributing to the disease. Including the nurses' role in the system. What can a health care worker contribute and teach the community?Hepatitis B (HUB) affects the liver of the infected person. It in turn causes scaring of he liver, liver diseases, death and liver cancer (CDC, 2014). The way a person can get infected in the first place varies. Many times one could get infected by blood ; open sores, sharing needles, unprotected intercourse and any other way of transferring blood from an exp osed person to an unexposed person. The infection is not such as HIVE, meaning you get infected once and then you raise immunity towards it and will not be exposed or get infected again.This also varies as some, will not get rid of the infection. If this occurs, where someone has been infected for more than six months hey will be considered a carrier and can easily without any sign and symptoms of infection, infect others. The symptoms vary from person to person however the main symptoms and side effects include and are not limited to, fever, Jaundice, abdominal pain, unexplained fatigue and unusual light colored stools, causing extreme gastrointestinal dysfunctions and pain (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).A damaged liver caused by the HUB can be detrimental. The liver is an organ we can not survive without, it is as it would be an engine, cleaning the system; clearing the load of waste products, drugs, making clotting factors to stop excessive bleeding after cuts and i njuries. It also produces immune factors and will remove bacteria from the blood. Furthermore, it also releases bile to help digest food and absorb many nutrients needed (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014). HUB can cause liver cancer and if not treated immediately, it can be detrimental to the affected person.It is important to have a liver biopsy in this case and move forward with appropriate treatment such as any surgical removal of tumor or targeted liver chemotherapy. Treating and preventing this disease is mainly and most focused on certain age groups. It in this case has a demographic interest approach. Per the Hepatitis B Foundation, they report that the â€Å"risk of developing a chronic hepatitis infection is directly related to the age at which one becomes infected with the virus (â€Å"Hepatitis B foundation,† 2014).Per the Centers for disease control and prevention they report that the highest rated infected populations are infants with infected mothers, health care workers, intercourse between men, population who share needles between hem when using illicit drugs and any contact between infected and uninfected person. They continue to report that there is no acute treatment for an acute infection and that treatment is supportive, as many may also not have clear symptoms at first. Furthermore, per the world health organization, they report â€Å"more than 780 000 people die every year† form HUB in the world (WHO, 2014).The geographical distribution is such that the highest rate presents in the sub Sahara Africa and East Asia. We must understand that these are poor unprivileged areas in the world and cost likely and many times do not have enough access to education, vaccines or treatment. The world organization of health reports that most of these people in these areas are infected as children and 5-10 % of adults become chronically infected with HUB however, in general it is reported by WHO as well that 15-25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B- related liver cancer or cirrhosis. WHO, 2014). Again, the vaccine has been available for everyone since 1982 shortly after it was discovered in 1965. It has shown and proven to decrease the infection by 95% (CDC, 2014). However, funding and availability of transport and financial support is lacking to spread the vaccination to these regions and could, unfortunately take many more lives before a solution can be reached and adding that â€Å"HUB and HCI infections account for the majority of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer throughout most of the world† (Peer,J. F. , Armstrong, G. L, 2006).Further discussing the HUB this writer will contrast it towards the epidemiology triangle, which was founded and created by researchers to better understand and solve health problems including viruses and infections. By researching around the epidemiology triangle for Hepatitis B we can understand that there is an agent, whi ch in this case would be the HUB (virus), which, then will infect the host (a human). Vertex number three is the environmental factor researches pertain to as â€Å"where†, the condition of the host, the outside factors causing the agent to reside on host and infect it.For hepatitis B we have confirmed that all the factors exist. The agent (HUB) will enter the host whom would be the human blood cells, in other words, HUB infection is caused by the virus which will penetrate in to the cell and release its gnome into it. As we will not go into the details of the viral life cycle but including that per the Journal by Lu X and Block Timothy, in their research, † Study of early steps of hepatitis B life cycle† they report that the virus will infect its host by three stages called; attachment, fusion and entry.The research is still ongoing on the specifics of the complete cycle of the HUB (Lu & Block, 2004). The environmental factor includes dried blood on surfaces, whi ch is infected, and if another person will have contact with it. Another environmental situation can be the needles found on streets seed by drug users whom can have been infected as well. When healthcare workers work with blood pathogens and areas where they could easily be exposed it is important for them to be vaccinated before hand as this environmental factor could have a deadly turn out.So what is the role of the community nurse in this case and in regards to hepatitis B? As nurses are to advocate for their community it is also a responsibility for some to step up in their role and collect data and analyze the case findings within the community. In this regard it is important and in many cases also a requirement for a ruse to obtain a baccalaureate degree in nursing and to then establish partnership and collaboration with public health professionals.It is important for the public health nurse to involve the community and their awareness on public safety, vaccination and preven tion of diseases. Some ways a public health nurse can participate is to help clinics control communicable diseases, educate and participate in environmental sanitation, health education including schools as well. To control and manage results, increase or decrease of disease within the community, a nurse could for example collect data by questionnaires.Another way would be to collaborate with laboratories by collecting data and assessing the results Furthermore, nurses should follow up with every patient who might have been infected or could be at risk for infection by doing home calls or call patients back to assess results and contribute further in education. There are many national agencies one can choose to seek further information from or refer a client too; one of them is the center for disease control and prevention. Another major agency is the world health organization, which also covers on an international level.Another online site that can be viewed is Hepatitis B foundati on with tremendous amount of information and the latest updates on research. For the serving and veterans the VA has many resources as well that can be visited. As the information has become vast and with new technology discovered, we are get a little closer to a wider solution and treatment including prevention. There are still many vast majorities of regions that are in need of proper education and preventive care such as vaccines however, with the appropriate funding and health care providers this goal can also be reached.

Ralston Valley Volunteer Fire Department Essay

Question 1: One of Rick Wyatt’s promotion objectives should be to build awareness. The text brought out that many citizens of Ralston Valley were unaware of the presence of volunteer fire fighters, assuming a paid staff was always on hand. By making people conscious of this social service, he can develop interest in his target audience of young, healthy men and women possessing the quality of commitment. Another objective of Wyatt’s is to arouse demand. In this objective, Rick should aim to establish customer value, giving his audience a solid reason to participate in the volunteer firefighter program. Fulfilling this objective will enable the Volunteer Fire Department to gain new recruits. Rick Wyatt’s third objective should be to emphasize and reinforce the RVVFD brand. This objective takes the customer value established in objective two to recruit new members, retain current members, and build relationships. Question 2: To achieve his promotional Objectives, Rick Wyatt can start by having a societal marketing Orientation. This orientation will communicate to his audience that the RVVFD is supplying the town with needed firefighters, and is concerned about the welfare of the community. To accomplish the objective to build awareness, Wyatt needs to advertise. Due to limited funding, the cheapest and most effective advertising is word-of-mouth. Rick was recruited by his friend, a RVVFD volunteer, telling him about his role in the organization. Rick can ask his fellow members to take opportunities throughout the day to tell family, friends, and associates of what they do. Along with word of mouth advertising, he can also incorporate the internet to blog about his experiences. After building awareness of the service, and providing information, he can begin to stimulate demand. Rick can take advantage of the annual activities, and incorporate small, charismatic speeches, stating what the company has achieved, and its need for community participation. Lastly, to emphasize the RVVFD brand, the promotions need to leave a lasting effect in the heart of his audience. This will build a relationship of trust to his audience. Rick needs to clearly state the Fire Department’s Mission statement. It would also be wise to point out the requirements needed to needed to fulfill the job, and instill confidence that average everyday citizens can meet those requirements by pointing out that the force is comprised of lawyers as well as stay-at-home moms. This final stage will be ideal to retain current members, and also reaching out to new members, while establishing a good reputation that build loyalty.

HSBC Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HSBC - Outline Example The aims and purpose of the paper in addition to the thesis statement will be presented within the introduction. The background of the company will be presented in this section. This includes the services it offers, corporate strategy, goals, objective, vision and mission of the company. In addition, an internal environment analysis of the company will be given in this section of the paper through a SWOT analysis approach. The role of globalization in the contemporary banking and financial services industry will be discussed in this section of the paper in relation to the internationalization processes of companies. The impact of globalization in the company’s corporate strategies such as human resource management and management of a global value chain through technology will also be discussed. The strategies used by the company in entering new markets in a foreign country will be discussed in this part of the paper. The entry strategies into the Chinese banking and finance market will be specifically discussed. Justifications for each of the foreign market entry strategies will also be given with an analysis and discussion of pitfalls of these strategies. The following strategies will be discussed The external business environment will be analyzed and discussed in this part of the paper. This will involve a critical analysis of the political, economic, legal, social cultural, ecological and technological environment within the Chinese banking and finance industry and how it affects the operations of HSBC. This analysis represents the application of the PESTLE analysis model for a specific market or industry. The business strategies used by HSBC in achieving competitive advantage within the Chinese banking and finance market will be given here. This includes a discussion of international business strategies of the company such as marketing, human

Models for competitive ddynamis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Models for competitive ddynamis - Essay Example The idea of using internet was later branded Grow Your Business (GYB) strategy. While DYB focusses on chances of business failure, GYB focusses on the growth gap ahead and do not consider the past or current state of the, which can yield negative effects in the future, it is all about optimism without real time consideration. (Byrne, 1998). While GYB is based on future growth, DYB considers the current position of the business in terms of mistakes, unutilized chances and comes up with a way of handling the problems. This way, the business is able to identify its weakness and strengthen them. As a result, the business is able to compete favorably. DYB provided a better foundation for the two major types of business growth and profit maximization, namely top-line growth and bottom line growth. In top line growth, one identifies lucrative ideas and invests more funds on them to generate more revenues, this can be identified by checking on how the products are doing in market and making decision on where to direct more effort based on DYB results. The bottom line growth involves cutting cost so that profits are maximized; this is the basis of DYB (Byrne, 1998). Generally, DYB have more chances of keeping a business equally competitive to the rest of the firms and is more critical in profit maximization in the long-term per iod. Cannibalization when used in business context refers to deliberate reduction in production, sales and revenue from a product because of introduction of another product from the same producer (Ward & Reiffen, 2005). Virtually, this may seem to be antagonistic to the aims of profit-oriented organization, but if carefully planned may yield more profit and help a company contain competition from rivals. Rather than producing a new product to capture new clients, the company maintains the old clients by swapping demand for the established product with demand for the new product. In essence, two items belonging to the same company competes

Sound Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sound Art - Essay Example The intonation of the voice of the speaker can designate the emotion of the person and his or her loudness or softness will depict the personality, authority and character of the speaker.1 The use of background music, sound effects either through cyclical or continuous mean can intensify the environment's emotion which can later contribute to the personality of the speaker and/or character and can encourage the curiosity and enthusiasm of the audience. Also, these elements can significantly contribute to the meaning and intensity of the concept being expressed by the certain project thus aiding its dissertation and understanding by the public. In addition, the employment of the effects of silence as a background can also contribute to the expression of the general theme as it can set stages of excitement thus promoting the audience's interest (Altman, 1992). Thus, the employment of sound through the application of each of its elements can significantly contribute to the general theme of a certain project as it promotes a better communication approach between the main concept and its audience. The use of sound can facilitates the dissertation and understanding of the public thus aiding the effectiveness of the project of communicating a certain concept and its significance to the society. ... 2A basic understanding as to how the different cultural music becomes a trademark of different nations around the world shall be considerably tackled within the context of the presentation that follows. What Sound Culture Development Suggests about the World The creation of cultural music has practically brought about a better sense of realization among cultures of the ancient times. It could not be denied that it is through this that the majority of the nations around the globe today have their own signature music, a trademark that makes them known to the world. Instead of being simply a sense of appreciative art, music has practically become a mirror of development among countries around the world. Ancient generations of human civilization have naturally used music for rituals and matters that concerned the higher power of control. However, music was not recognized the way that it is right now. The collection of sounds that are produced through the use of different instruments utilized by the ancient civilization has basically given birth to well arranged music that later on had meaningful indications of the messages that the people making the music would want to impose to others as they present their music to the public. The basic re alization of music being a probable source of information and presentation of emotional standing of those who have created the said music completions has given way to the creation of the different music genres that directly affect the emotions of human individuals today. Sound Art Culture is defined by Murray Schafer (1977) as the basic depiction of human creativity. The utilization of different natural resources to create sound has better increased the interest of the ancient individuals to find better ways of creating

The Danger Of The Encephalitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Danger Of The Encephalitis - Essay Example Before the man could have been successfully diagnosed, other essential information should have been obtained first. For a suspected case of encephalitis based on the symptoms, treatment should be specific for the particular cause of encephalitis (â€Å"Encephalitis Treatment,† 2008). This means to say that before the man in the case study was given medication, a differential diagnosis should have been conducted first. Moreover, in a suspected case of infection, the organism that caused the infection should have been indentifiidentifiedEncephalitis and Meningitis,† 2011). Aside from these information, the patient should have been tested first for a possible allergic reaction to tetanus toxoid for the allergic reactions to this medication are lethal and may even cause encephalitis (Gaublomme, n.d.; â€Å"Encephalitis,† 2010). Allergic reactions to tetanus toxoid are common among those with a history of hay fever, asthma, or other allergies (Gaublomme, n.d.). These a nd other information about the man’s medical history should have been obtained first before he was given tetanus toxoid. Pelosof, L. C. & Gerber, D. E. (2010). â€Å"Paraneoplastic Syndromes: An Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment.† (2010). Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2011 from the MayoClinic: http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/85/9/838.full First of all, the man in the case study should have been diagnosed properly, especially with possible allergies to tetanus toxoid, which was the most likely cause of his death through encephalitis (â€Å"Tetanus,† 2011). Moreover, tetanus toxoid could have caused the anaphylactic shock that the man experienced prior to his death (â€Å"Tetanus,† 2011). The cause of his death could not have been a negative interaction between Ceftriaxone and the tetanus toxoid because these two drugs do not have any known harmful interaction (â€Å"Drug Interactions,† 2011).

Slavery in Colonial Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Slavery in Colonial Latin America - Essay Example This is most evident in Latin America. The history of Latin America is a complex interplay of economic and political agenda that buffeted these countries in as a result of what can only be termed the struggle for supremacy between European powers from the 15th century. The term Latin America is ascribed to countries in South America, North America, Central America and the Caribbean Islands that lie south of the United States where the spoken language is of Spanish or Portuguese extraction. ("Latin America," 2007) Colonial Latin America is the period that many believe began with the discovery of Christopher Columbus of the Americas, referred to as the New World, landing in the Bahamas in 1492, but in fact the colonial era began when the Council of the Indies was convened in 1524 ad ended with the Comuero revolt in 1781. ("Colonial Period," 1998) This was after the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1493 divided the New World wherein the Spanish controlled everything west of the Line of Demarcation and the Portuguese had power over the east, which later became Brazil. At this point, the indigenous people, including the ruling Incas and Aztecs, had been overpowered by the colonists. Large percentages of the indigenous people in colonized Latin America died during this period, attributed mostly to diseases brought by the Europeans such as measles to which the natives had no defense against. It was to augment the pool of available slave labor that the colonists decided to take advantage of the wars in Western Africa which resulted in a glut of available slaves of African descent in the late 16th. This right of entrepreneurs to import slaves or asientos was controlled by King Charles I of Spain. These slaves were farmed out to the different colonies in large numbers, outnumbering the indigenous and European population combined. However, not all black immigrants are African-born. Spain brought Spanish-born Africans called "Ladinos" to work as mine laborers. Free Africans also immigrated to the New World in search of a better life. (Cruz, 2000) The move to free the slaves began in the French colony of Saint-Domingue in 1793 in the middle of the French Revolutions when Lger Flicit Sonthonax emancipated all slaves and made them full citizens, only to have it revoked in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte. Until 1870, when the slave trade was finally outlawed, it is estimated that 10 million Africans were brought to the Americas, almost half to the Caribbean islands and the Guiana's while 38% went to Brazil. Mainland Spanish America got 6% while North America and Europe roughly approximated 4.5% each. It seems undeniable from a popular point of view that the influences of the African immigrants, as slaves or otherwise, and to a lesser degree the European colonists who dominated them have served to enrich an otherwise self-contained population. The incursion of a foreign influence has led to the growth and development of the Latin American culture that would otherwise be unknown in the modern era. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of the importation of slaves of African descent on the social, cultural, and economic formation of Latin American countries. II. Role of Slavery on Colonial Latin America A. Social aspects Prior to the importation of

WWI and WWII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WWI and WWII - Essay Example A second cause of the First World War was the newly acquired military strength (arms race) of the European and the Asian nations. With no justified cause to test their military capabilities, the animosity in regard to the colonies came as a welcome relief. Significant alliances made prior to 1914 by strong hold countries in Europe also fueled the war. For instance, the Triple Entente in which France, Britain, and Russia agreed not to sign peace treaties separately. There is also the Triple alliance comprising of Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. The commencement of the First World War saw the utilization of the legal obligations subject to these treaties. The need to prove political and military dominance stemmed from nationalism. For instance, Slavics in Bosnia and Herzegovina preferred to be part of Serbia. Their protest against Austria-Hungary’s domination of these two regions led to the final and presumably immediate trigger of this war, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. The WW1 has similarity in causation with the First World War. Germany, in both instances, instigated the war with more valor than the other nations. In the case of the First World War, military prowess was the motivating factor. However, the Second World War was a case of wounded pride owing to the Treaty of Versailles. The policy of disarmament, which made them vulnerable to other countries attacks, also seemed unfair. Unlike the First World War, dialogue as a means of curbing war dominated the years before the Second World War. An example of a failed Dialogue is the Munich agreement (1938) which Hitler broke barely a year after enactment. The Failure of the League of Nations to foster peace as a result of military and monetary incapability also contributed to the Second World War. For the other nations such as Britain and France, nationalism as a cause was as eminent as in the

The Efficacy of Counseling with Native Americans Essay

The Efficacy of Counseling with Native Americans - Essay Example In this paper, an assessment of possibilities that contribute to certain observable counseling efficacy values among Native Americans is made. The challenges faced by this ethnic group will be used to create the link that counseling process seeks to establish in the discourse. Four questions attempting to answer issues touching on unique historical perspectives, counseling process complexities, cultural interaction issues and spirituality are used in the design. The research reveals that it’s necessary for therapists to consider Native American cultural history when establishing the counseling process. The research also details a number of specific actions that should be considered, including linguistic and body language elements that aid the counseling process. The counselors must also be aware of their own biases in relation to the client. Finally, it’s indicated that the incorporation of Native American spirituality could greatly aid the therapist in the counseling p rocess. The Efficacy of Counseling with Native Americans Introduction The context of Native Americans is created with an understanding of the ethnic group’s history and cultural setting. ... However, very little information is available regarding the Native American suffering at the hands of slave masters, when compared with the famous African slave trade. The sensitive developments that the political arena in the United States exposed this group to are still fresh in the memories of a majority of the Americans, which brings nasty reactions among them. Cases of rejection, neglect and discrimination from certain sections of their aggressors appear in the broader image of a Native American. For counseling clients with such a historical background, it becomes difficult to appreciate the impact of counseling in confronting such challenges, unless a bold journey is taken to discover such a past acting as an impediment to the counseling process. How do historical injustice and modern racial discrimination issues affect counseling processes among Native Americans? To shed more light on the tumultuous historical background that the Native Americans have had to experience would p erhaps facilitate an understanding that would assist therapists to carry out a comprehensive counseling process. As briefly observed above, scars of mistreatment in the hands of foreign aggression by the European-backed slave trade would perhaps act as one of the biggest hindrances to successful therapy. Due to a rich cultural heritage and traditional cohesion practices that bound this â€Å"minority† group, roots of bitter past must haunt them in the hands of public mistreatment and racial discrimination. According to Trabich (1997), there must be some form of remnant heritage that has facilitated passing on of old wounds to the current Native American community to bear witness of untold atrocities that were committed against them.

Duck Hunting Essay Example for Free

Duck Hunting Essay In the earliest of time, duck hunting was essential. Indian tribes would use canoes and dogs to catch ducks to feed their families. They would leave early in the morning to beat the sunrise and get out on the water. Ducks were hunted in January and February when they’re fat for better feeding. Then, in the 1800’s the breach-loading shotgun was created for field sports. This allowed duck hunting easier because now they are easily shot in flight instead of canoeing. The shotgun is quickly reloaded so that more duck can be hunted in a single setting. Ducks and other birds have great eyesight, which made them harder to be hunted so the creation of camouflage came about. Hunters would wear clothes to blend in with the trees, grass, and environment surrounding them. They then began building duck blinds out of wooden frames and screened with brush and grass so that the hunter would be hard to see. Then, in the 1960’s decoys were made from carved and painted wood to float in the water. They are spread out so that ducks are encouraged to land on the water. Finally, we have the duck call. This was created to mimic many sounds of ducks so that they will land in the spread of decoys for easier an easier kill. Many people hear of duck hunting and think that it can be very easily done, but this isn’t true. Duck hunters have to scout the land and water days before the hunt so that they can hunt strategically. These days, it is required for hunters to have a hunting license in order to even participate in this field sport. Any other actions taken before having a hunting license or before the season has officially opened is illegal. Duck hunters spend many hours practicing shooting clay targets in the air so that they’re prepared for the hunt ahead of time. In late September, duck hunting season officially opens. Hunters will wake up early in the morning and get dressed up in their camouflage. They go out and hook up their boats and put their decoys in the bed. Each decoy has a clip or hook on the bottom of the body. This clip allows the hunter to attach each decoy to one another about 2 to 3 feet apart. The clips are attached to a jerk cord so that the hunter can place in a line and pull from their duck blind to make to decoys move realistically. Then, the hunter loads up his shotgun and his dog and heads out to the drop to put his boat in the water. Duck hunters usually do not travel alone. They travel in a group of about 4 or 5 people so that they have more shots fired in one blind. All the hunters get into the boat and travel out to the duck blind. When they finally get there, they ease into the water and pull the supplies out so that the can hide their boat. Hunters will spread out their decoys strategically in the water at about 6 o’clock according to the placement of the blind and wind direction. This takes about 30 to 45 minutes to set up correctly. Then, the hunters get inside the blind, load up their shotguns, and put on their face paint for better camouflage. The hunters are only allowed to shoot at 7 o’clock a. m. and any time after that so they usually wait in the blind. When starting time comes around they start looking for ducks. As soon as they see a good group of them they start blowing on their duck call to try and pull the ducks in to their decoys. All the ducks will fly around in a large circle and if they like the call they will begin cupping towards the water. When they start to land and are just right off the top of the water, the hunters will begin firing. Any duck they kill is out in the water for the dog to fetch. The most common dogs used for duck hunting are Labrador Retrievers, Pointers, English Setters, English Cocker Spaniels, Coonhound, and Chesapeake Bay Retrievers. These dogs are trained very well in hunting ducks and usually other birds so when the duck hit the water that dog is gone. Hunters will go at it for hours and hours to try and limit out. They’ll blow the call, shoot, reload, and do it all over again every time there are ducks flying around. Towards the end of the hunt, they will load up their decoys, dog, and shotgun. They’ll pull the boat out in the open for the drive back to the trailer. Then, they have to load the boat up and this could take some time if you don’t know what you’re doing. The driver maneuvers the boat nice and snug into place and the other guys pull it up, latch it to the trailer crank, and put the brace in place for the motor. The hunters will take off their wet waders and put them in the back of the truck and load up their dogs for the trip back home. Finally, when they get back to the house, they’ll pull the ducks out and put them on the tailgate. The hunters will take their knife and make an incision about 6 inches long down the middle of the ducks belly. Then, with their hands they will tear away the feathers and skin of the ducks body. Finally, once looking at the ducks innards they will cut out the two breasts inside the ducks sternum. These two breasts are soaked and washed in warm water so that there is no blood or feathers left behind on the duck meat. Then, they are put into a plastic baggie and frozen until use. Duck hunting is a lot of fun because of the thrill that it gives you to hunt flying game. At the same time, this isn’t the easiest hunting trip you’ll make. Duck hunters will hunt in the most mild or extreme conditions just to get a kill. Their waders could have holes; their duck calls could get frozen up; and their guns could jam. Hunters don’t have it easy like most people think, just imagine you having to hunt every day of your life to feed your family. That’s a crazy thought, but I can only seem to think that it may be a way of like for some people. This is how duck hunting is done most commonly these days. Finally, I will leave you with a quote I once heard. â€Å"If you’re not rippin lips and stackin quackers, you’re drinkin the wrong water†.

Research on Perceptions of Cervical Cancer and Screening

Research on Perceptions of Cervical Cancer and Screening RESULT A total of 578 participants out of 584 were included in the study giving response rate of 98.97%. The participants age were between the range of 17 and 38 years with mean age (Â ± SD) of 20.45 Â ±1.79 and the highest number between 20 and 24 years. More than half (61.8%) of the participants come from rural area and more than three quarter were single by marital status. Almost all (90.5%) participants were orthodox by religion. Regarding to the field of study 36% were from Business and Economics College and 39.4% from Natural and Computational Science. Nearly half (46%) were from first year students. The main sources of information used by the participants were internet in 36.5% and radio and TV in 21.9%. Reproductive History Among the participants, 84(14.5%) had sexual intercourse before the study with the mean age of the first sexual debut 18.21Â ±2.8 years. Of the participants who have started sexual intercourse, 77(91.7%) had one partner and 61.9% did not used condom during their sexual intercourse. Among the sexually active participants 15(17.9%) had history of pregnancy. Moreover, 453(81.2%) of the participants had heard about STIs and 28(5%) had history of STI. Eight (1.4%) of participants had family death from cancer. Knowledge about Cervical cancer Two hundred thirty two (40.5%) of the study participants had heard of cervical cancer. Of those who had heard, 134(58%) had heard from mass media followed by 44(19.0%) from health institutions. About 448(79.4%), 348 (61.5%) and 379(67.1%) of the participants did not knew the etiology, mode of transmission and the symptoms of cervical cancer respectively but only 66(11.7%) and 163(28.8%) of the participants knew as cervical cancer is caused by HPV and transmitted by sexual intercourse respectively. Similarly, only 172(30.4%) and 74(13.1%) of the participants knew multiple partners and early sexual debut as risk factor of cervical cancer respectively. Furthermore, 215(38.1%), 117(20.7%) and 110(19.5%) of the participants knew screening, vaccination and avoiding having many partners as prevention methods of cervical cancer. However, 213(37.7%) and 89(16%) of the participants did not knew any risk factors and prevention methods of cervical cancer respectively. Generally, 195(35.6%) of th e participants had good knowledge towards cervical cancer. Factors associated with knowledge of cervical cancer All sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history and sources of information were assessed for the presence of association with knowledge of cervical cancer. Age, College, marital status, year of study, use of TV, use of radio and TV, starting sexual intercourse, information on STI and history of STI were shown an association in bivariate analysis. But after adjusting for confounding at multivariable analysis, using radio and TV as a source of information and information on STI were the predictor factors that remained significantly associated with knowledge of cervical cancer. Participants who were using radio and TV as source of information were almost 2 times more likely to have good knowledge on cervical cancer as compare to those who did not use radio and TV[AOR 1.914(95% CI 1.220, 3.002)]. Moreover, participants who have heard about STI were also 3 times more likely to have good knowledge than their counter parts [AOR 3.017 (95% CI 1.658, 5.492)] (Table 3). Perception towards cervical cancer and screening Students perception about cervical cancer and its screening was assessed using the perception pillars of health belief model. Accordingly, 185 (33.2%) of the participants were believed that the chance of acquiring cervical cancer is high and 474 (85%) of the participants perceived as cervical cancer is a sever disease while 369 (65.2%) believed as cervical cancer is curable disease. despite three quarter (74.5%) of the participants believed that cervical screening can prevent cervical cancer only 5(0.9%) were screened for cervical cancer. The main reasons cited for not screening were lack of information in 276(55.6%) and fear not to be infected in 96(19.4%) respectively.

Defining Organisational Behaviour Essay examples -- Business Managemen

â€Å"The study of the structure, functioning and performance of organisations, and the behaviour of groups and individuals within them† Derek Pugh’s (1971) This influential definition of organisational behaviour was by Derek Pugh in 1971. Human behaviour is the way people act and react to situations and circumstances, each individual is different, therefore it is essential for an organisation to study human behaviour in order to understand the workforce. By observing and understanding each individual the organisation would improve performance; organisational behaviour can be considered as the key area of management. Organisations study organisational behaviour within by; investigating individuals, social perception, attitudes and emotions. By doing so they are able to determine whether motivation is existent and if so, is it successful. How individuals work in groups and teams is important for unity within organisations therefore it is crucial to know how people communicate amongst their group/teams and how well is the outcome when they do. Employees can become stressed which would affect them a great deal because an employee stressed would not be able to work to his/her potential. However this would be the least of the organisations worry because stress affects an employee’s psychological well-being a great deal, this is dire for both the organisation and the individual. We know how these factors fit into the reason behind studying organisational behaviour however its relevance in today’s organisations is still a question, I’m going to discuss two of the factors in more det ail and relate to whether they are relevant or not in today’s organisations. Human Behaviour in an organisation needs to be assessed in order for the bus... ...torian. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/motivation. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com. Accessed: December 08, 2010. Integrated Publishing . (2009). Human Behaviour. Available: http://www.tpub.com/content/advancement/14504/css/14504_16.htm. Last accessed 11 Dec 2010. Love2reward. (2010). Motivation. Available: http://www.love2reward.co.uk/rewards/info-centre/motivation.jsp. Last accessed 11th Dec 2010. Seldon, B. (2010). Money, happiness and motivation. Available: http://www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100. Last accessed 11 Dec Tutor2u. (2007). motivation in theory - introduction. Available: http://tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_introduction.asp. Last accessed 11 Dec 2010. Image vintechsystems. (2010). Hierarchy of Needs. Available: http://vintechnology.com/journal/?p=47. Last accessed 11 Dec 2010.

The Inevitable Water Shortage in America’s Future :: Drinking Water Shortage

The same dream again.   It had been haunting him for weeks now.   Always the same.   Water.   Fresh water.   Drinkable water.   He got out of bed slowly, his stillsuit itching in that one certain spot again, and went to his refrigeration unit.   What flavor do I want this morning?, he thought to himself.   Eggs Benedict.   He opened the top of the squeeze tube and gulped the yeast solution down. All the troubles had begun in the year 2010 when Aldo was in his first year of college.   The first of many droughts had hit the Southwestern United States of America due to excessive use of the Colorado River.   Few had died in that one, but it was just a child compared to the trials to come. Aldo Goldwater was now thirty-five years old.   He had grown up in Phoenix, Arizona in a time when water conservation was a thing of inconvenience.   People back then would flood their lawns, wash their vehicles, even bathe with water.   Times were different now. The Water Conservation Act of 2011 was one of the U.S. Government’s first feeble attempts to ensure water quality and availability into the future.   His father, too, had been a visionary, and was important in the drafting of that first weak attempt at revamping the water usage laws in the United States. The droughts of 2016 and 2017 proved it ineffective, however, and deaths around the country totaled in the thousands, but that was just the beginning.   As global warming and ozone layer depletion gained the forefront in the news, temperatures around the world continued to rise.   Rainfall decreased annually at a steady rate, and polar ice caps were melting, making sea levels rise.   Ironically, the US’s major source of water, the Ogallala Aquifer, the largest non-renewable reserve of water in the world (Reisner 11) ran out in 2017, just when our water situation was at its peak. Water shortages were not the only problem.   When river water is used in irrigation, much of it evaporates, the rest usually finds its way back to the river it came from.   Due to the evaporation and repeated use, it increases in salinity, salt.   Each time it is used and reintroduced into the rivers, the water gets saltier.   Each year crops got smaller, until many areas previously used for farming could no longer sustain plant life.   In some areas you could even see a white dusting of salt (Reisner 6) that looked like a frost in ninety-five degrees of heat.

Introduction to Nanotechnology

1. 0INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to research and discover the development, characterization, and function of nanotechnologies in the globe in the present and future. In this study, we will defined the basis of nanotechnologies in wide spectrum such as the advantages, disadvantages, background, history, future investigation, society, ethic, environment and many more. Furthermore, our group would also like to emphasize on the significant cause and effect of nanotechnologies toward the advancement of human civilization in the recent time and toward the future.In addition, create awareness and wide perspective view toward engaging main issues such as moral ethical in our society. 2. 0BACKGROUND Nanotechnologies have been use in wide field medical, astronomy, environment, industrial and many more. From the way we communicate, to the methods used to diagnose and treat our illnesses, to the speed with which our computers process data, this new technology promises to enhance o ur lives in almost limitless ways. Therefore we would like to discuss some of the main issue and further permeate in the breakthrough of nanotechnology. What is a nanotechnology? In the scale of Nano in the prefix of nomenclature is extremely small, which you cannot see through your naked eyes. Microscope will be needed in order to observe object more clearly. Nanotechnology currently is being used to improve existing products and processes, for an example, by strengthening the material used in golf clubs and bicycle frames, creating stain and water repellant clothing and producing wear-resistant paints and coatings. One developing area in nanotechnology is that of self-assembly, whereby materials will be able to grow themselves.One of my theories that I would like to discuss is about the space innovation. Such innovations will not only increase productivity, but also will create new materials in a process known as â€Å"dynamic self-assembly. † The universe is so big that it blows up our mind to try to image how big it is. Human can somehow find a way to explore the universe by the advancement of nanotechnologies. For an example to shoot a robot to a star then it will eventually manufacturing itself and produce much bigger colonies. After a rapid production in certain stages complete civilization.They will often shoot more of them self to other star and repeating process again and again. In the longer term, however, nanotechnology is likely to result in completely revolutionary toward the society. Promising uses of nano scale particles may include the cleanup of heavily polluted sites, which we will have to consider as well. Nanotechnology is more effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases, lighting that is twice as energy efficient as what is currently available, cleaner manufacturing techniques and much smaller and more powerful computers.Research indicates that nanotechnology even may help create an alternative fuel to power our automobiles. In the sum of all our research and study I would appropriately consider nanotechnologies of in fact the greatest tool toward humanity next stages of revolution. †¢What is the history of nanotechnology? The term â€Å"nanotechnology† was coined in 1974 by Norio Taniguchi (1912-1999) at the University of Tokyo. It includes a number of technologies that deal with the miniaturization of existing technology down to the scale of a nanometer (one-billionth of a meter) in size, about the size of molecules and atoms.Potential effects of nanotechnology include microcomputers capable of storing trillion of bytes of information in the size of a sugar cube; portable fluids containing nanobots that are programmed to destroy cancer cells; and airborne nanobots that are programmed to rebuild the thinning ozone layer and many more. Scientist today have claimed that nanotechnology was in fact humanity greatest advantages as well as humanity greatest treat if without appropria te and further observe in its major consequences in life and either we will be consume by our own failure toward the disaster that it can cause to us. Facts about nanotechnologies? As we all know our body consist billion of cell and it is systematically and orderly organized that congregate it specific function. Inside our cell it comprises of billion of atom which consists of major element such as carbon, oxygen and hydrogen that appropriately linked together will itself and form specific function and feature. The advancement of nanotechnologies can systematically combine fuse billion compound, atom and element to distinctively form a new cell which about our concern is against the law of nature and moral ethic.This is due to the fact that we can create a life into the world is forbidden and prohibited in many societies around the world. In some fact I would like to discuss, about the discovery about science. Scientist today has claim that we no longer live in one universe but mill ions of verse which coexist in the ocean of verses and there’s may be have some planetary civilization that we wouldn’t might known.There are many extraordinary and fascinating fact about science including bend through light forming an invisible matter; dimensional world that coexist; in certain fact which claimed that the world we’re living is like a matrix which we are just like a hologram that wouldn’t exist at all and in fact there are mysterious forces keep pulling us for what we believing; small teleport machine which can teleport in atom size particle and maybe a human in few decade to come. There is many potential and credibility toward the advancement of nanotechnologies development.In some fact that I would like to consider is about human enhancement. Nanotechnologies in human enhancement have use to improve human ability such as physical and mental. In some fact that this method have been use in some development country toward the future born g eneration to trigger the potential of human ability which exited beyond try fold. We will further penetrate and discuss more deeply toward this issue in my relevant discussion. Would human enhancement technologies hinder moral development?Many believe that â€Å"soul-making† is impossible without struggle (Hick, 1966), and achievements ring hollow without sacrifice or effort (President’s Council on Bioethics, 2003); so if technology makes life and competitions easier, then we may lose opportunities to feed and grow our moral character. Nanotechnology was in fact use toward some method to enhance human ability. Nowadays humanity can create powerful drug which enhance human performance. We can discover in the sport area which drug have been used such as steroid to increase athletic performance.Beyond the future we might been able to create indeed more powerful drug which provide human massive of strength. Beyond the future, we might be able to prolog our life for 10 year , 100years or maybe 1000 years. As we know that brain is the primary source which control our aging as certain hormone are secreted. The method behind this is nanotechnology is so small that it can flow through our vein and it can be transfer to the human brain to alter our brain chemical processes which control our aging. †¢What is the futurist predict about the future in nanotechnologies?In the future, as technology becomes more integrated with our bodies, we can expect neural implants of the kind we mentioned above that effectively puts computer chips into our brains or allows devices to be plugged directly into our heads, giving us always on access to information as well as unprecedented information processing powers. New and future virtual reality programs are able to much better simulate activities, for instance, to train law enforcement officers and soldiers in dangerous situations so that they can respond better to similar events in the real world.The advancement of nan otechnologies have enhance human beyond it limitation. One of the main concerns causes the earth to be populated. Also in one of the possibilities is the exploitation and abuse toward this technology. People such as a villain, criminal and hacker will approximately use this for the purpose such as to manipulate people. Other than that what I want to discuses is one of the greatest treat toward the society.One of the biggest concerns toward our society is to have greater awareness about this matter or else humanity which living peacefully today can be destroyed by our own creation. 3. 0CONCLUSION As is the case with most emerging areas of risk, nanotechnology challenges us with many unknowns. These challenges are further complicated by the fact that few risk related prediction have been made scientifically confirmed. If they are not currently exploring its potential, they are likely to do so in the very near future.Because insurers play such a critical part in enabling new and benefi cial technologies, it is crucial in development in many sectors such as manufacturers, the government, scientists and regulatory agencies to identify and quantify nanotechnology's risks. Public response to this new technology, as well as the politician, elitist, and scientist response will afford upon how much accurate information is available. Therefore we as a responsible person must unite and aware toward this greatest issue which effect globally, in order to construct better future for generation to come.

Ethics Social Justice Essay

The ethical issues that were identified in the case study of Guerrilla Government in EPA’s Seattle Regional Office were cumbersome. The first of many to create unethical situations was the administrator of EPA’s Seattle regional office in 1981, John Spencer. His staff remembers his tenure for all the unethical actions he took such as using tax payer’s money to buy a membership for the EPA in the Chamber of Commerce (O’Leary, 2014 p. 48). His actions continued even after numerous attempts to advise him that his actions were against federal guidelines and caused serious conflict of interest questions. He also allegedly took several personal trips to Alaska to handle affairs related to his previous job on public expense. In addition, he requested as personal driver to take him to and from and requested modifications to the EPA office building without getting prior approval from the General Services Administration thus violating federal law (O’Leary, 20 14 p. 48-54). There was also unethical conduct displayed by Ernesta Barnes ‘successor, Robie Russell. In March of 1987, Russell made his unethical behavior known when the local media announced that a veteran engineer had quit his job due to being angry that he was being transferred involuntarily to another job. At that point, Russell began making decisions that had once been a group effort behind closed doors. Workers who were once performing analysis, were cut out of the decision making process. He was even believed to have removed important comments in reports before they were released to the public. He was also known to back out of his support for the development of oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and then recall that support later in a testimony to the U.S House of Representatives who were considering the proposal. He stated that â€Å"The EPA does not oppose the environmentally acceptable development of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge†.

Health Care Careers Diagram and Summary Essay

The role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) in healthcare has become one of the main lifelines in the industry. The CIO is the most important person within an organization in regards to the collecting, organization, monitoring and securing of data. The CIO is a critical member of the executive leadership team. Charged with developing the organization’s strategy, he or she is responsible for leading the IT staff and ensuring overall compliance with all regulatory requirements. The CIO is also responsible for keeping up-to-date with the latest technology trends as well as threats and being able to adapt the organization’s strategy to mitigate those threats. The CIO also facilities and drives change within the organization (Glaser & Williams, 2010). The CIO is responsible for establishing and maintaining many key relationships within an organization’s leadership team. They work to provide valuable input that helps shape the entire organization’s vision and path to success. The CIO reports consistently on the progress and development of all information technology (IT) projects, issues, and tasks. â€Å"They are the brain of the business-body, monitoring and regulating all the data that passes through. Without CIOs, a healthcare company would collapse under the weight of unprocessed information.† (Becoming a Healthcare CIO (Chief Information Officer), 2012) The CIO focuses on updating and optimizing existing systems while utilizing new systems effectively and efficiently. They are also responsible for updating and maintaining capabilities, strengthening policies and reworking procedures on a daily basis. The CIO is the front line of defense for protecting the organization against fraud and abuse, as well as securing all electronic patient health information (ePHI). The role of the CIO has evolved as the health care industry has faced changes with the dependency on  information technology. Figure 1. Chief Information Officer’s responsibilities within a health care organization. As shown in Figure 1, a health care CIO faces many challenges on a day-to-day basis. These challenges are in the form of maintaining existing systems, optimizing new systems, and protecting PHI. The role of the CIO will continue to evolve as the health care system changes and the dependency and regulations surrounding the role of information technology increase. References Becoming a Healthcare CIO (Chief Information Officer). (2012). Retrieved from HealthcareAdministration.com: http://www.healthcareadministration.com/becoming-a-healthcare-cio-chief-information-officer/ Glaser, J. P., & Williams, R. B. (2010). The Definitive Evolution of the Role of the CIO. Journal of Healthcare Information management, 21(1), 9-11. Retrieved from http://www.himss.org/files/HIMSSorg/content/files/03_column_Leadership.pdf

Arduino

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECH. (EE 306) Arduino Research Date: 2013/2/16 INTRODUCTION In this brief report we will discuss a family of electronic boards called Arduino. At the beginning we shall provide an overview of the Arduino boards and what they are. After that we will tackle the board’s component and how the board works. Finally an example of one of the applications will be shown. WHAT IS AN ARDUINO? An Arduino board is simply a microcontroller board. The board is designed with the purpose of facilitating the use of electronics in projects. The use of the board was intentionally made easy so that anyone can use it.The board comes with a software called the Arduino Integrated Development Environment. The software is used to program the Arduino board to do the required operations. An Arduino board receives inputs from different sensors and responds by controlling different types of actuators. It is also worth-mentioning that the board and its software are open-source. It mea ns that anyone can do anything with the board and its software. This nature has made the Arduino boards very popular among users because everyone can innovate with the board and share their innovations.However, this nature has also allowed clones with inferior qualities to be sold under the Arduino name. COMPONENTS There are many types of Arduino boards. Some components vary from type to type, but a simple Arduino board that can be built at home have the following components: 1- An Atmel Microcontroller. 2- LEDs. 3- Resistors. 4- Capacitors. 5- Clock Crystal. 6- Switch 7- Voltage regulator. 8- Connection pins. 9- Diode. 10- Transistors. An Arduino board’s capabilities can be extended by the use of shields. Arduino shields are boards that can be mounted on the Arduino board to perform different tasks.For example the Xbee shield allows multiple Arduino boards to communicate wirelessly, the motor shield allows the Arduino board to control a DC motor. 2|P a ge HOW IT WORKS In gen eral, a code is put in the memory of the board and then processed in the microcontroller. This code interacts with inputs and outputs. Inputs can be signals coming from sensors (light, voice, heat, etc. ) or results from another processed task. After processing the inputs in the microcontroller and applying the codes from the memory, the result comes in an output form (alarm, light, etc. ).Codes are written in the memory by connecting the Arduino board to a computer. Connecting the Arduino board requires the use of an ICSP header or a USB cable such as the one found in the newer versions e. g. Arduino UNO (see figure 1). An Arduino board can be powered from a USB cable, an ACDC adapter or a battery by connecting it in the Gnd and Vin pins. Figure 1: Connect Arduino by USB EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION Blinking LED In this example, we will use the Arduino board like a timer to turn a LED on for 1 second and off for another second. 3|P a ge To do this function see the code below; / Example B linking LED const int LED = 13; void setup () { pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(LED, LOW); delay(1000); } The First line written after // is a comment that does not affect the program. In the second line, we define the constant attached to pin 13 as LED. After attaching the LED to the pin, we decide whether the LED should be an input or an output, in this case, we chose output. Next, we write the processing code, (digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);) this means to provide voltage to the LED, (delay(1000);) means waiting 1000ms ? s, (digitalWrite(LED, LOW);) means cutting off the voltage, (delay(1000);) the same process, which is waiting 1s. This code will be repeated in a loop. CONCLUSION An Arduino board can be a great starting point for anyone interested in microcontrollers. The board is easy to use and has a wide variety of applications. There are many tutorials available in the world web for the board due to its popularity. Although the board has many advantages, it still has its own limitations. REFERENCE [1] Arduino site, (http://arduino. cc/en/) [2] Simply Arduino, Eng. Abdullah Ali Abdullah, (http://simplyarduino. com/? page_id=5) 4|P a ge

Journalism Essahe

Critically evaluate the extent to which the key economic/technological challenges facing political journalism in the UK democracy are undermining the ability of the quality news media to play the role demanded of them within competitive and participatory democracies (as defined by Stromback). The quality of the Uk’s new’s media is often scrutinised and mocked for their unashamed bias political opinions, going back to the fundamentals of journalism and the diversion of right and left wing politics, it was inevitable that quality news would disintegrate into a playing field for them to dig the opposition.However, the cause of this could be down to economical and technological challenges facing the news media today, along with the decrease in political interest came the rise in commercialisation. Competitive and participatory democracies include a range of requirements from journalists to act a certain role in society.As described in The Future of Journalism in Advanced De mocracies â€Å"a competitive democracy requires of journalism the following: it should act as a watchdog or burglar alarm† giving the public the honest and truths within politics for them then to make and adequate decision based on sufficient information. A participatory democracy â€Å"requires that journalism should mobilise the citizen’s interest and participation in public life† it also states that journalism should â€Å"focus on the solving of problems and not just the problems themselves. (Anderson & Ward, 2006: 47) There are a range of economical factors, which have affected the quality of news and the role in which they are depicted to play in competitive and participatory democracies, as defined by Stromback, therefore, these have effected the roles in which journalists play in society. Increased Leisure has become a challenging factor in competing with other entertainment provisions; the various opportunities such as Sunday shopping have proven a ne gative impact on Sunday newspapers.Sunday has always been a day of rest, therefore before technology had evolved people would spend this time reading newspapers and conforming an opinion based on the quality news provided, â€Å"if we are to understand what media communications people are actually exposed to and what message content they actually receive, it makes sense to ask how people come to pay attention to a particular medium; in short, why are people moved to watch, listen to, or read a particular program or story? † (Alger, 1995: 33) ince this as drastically changed it has resulted in the commodification of news media and undermining the quality of news by selecting stories and information which attract the public’s interest and not necessarily stories of important and prominence. â€Å"Journalism has always entertained and as well as informed. Had it not done so, it would not have reached a mass audience. But today, say journalism’s critics, the instin ct amuse is driving out the will, and depleting the resource, to report and analyse in depth. (Hagreaves, 2003: 104) In addition to this, social fragmentation has multiplied and caused a decline in cohesion; at one time it was clear that there was only a limited number of views, which brought together a large number of people who had the same ideologies and preference. Now, due the increased number of major media corporation and accessibility to over-seas news there has been a massive break down in social groups.This gives the market only to options, to either supply to a niche market, targeting a particular social clad which would cause a massive loss in profit and interest for the media corporation or, to continue to target the mass market and conform to commercialization and sensationalism to attract the reader. Large corporations need the funds to run the ‘business’ and without this would simply mean a decline and eventually a complete collapse and therefore they ha ve to rely on either readers or sponsor each wanting a certain type on context.Further economical challenges facing journalism today include that increased wealth has led to the ‘culture of contentment’ theory written by Galbraith. This has resulted in the lower-class, those with fewer beneficiaries has caused a lack of interest in news media, this is due to the under class choosing to almost ignore the current political situation as it does not affect them for any good reason. â€Å"Many of the national papers are overtly and emphatically partisan.The ownership and editorial orientation are overwhelmingly toward the Conservative party and ideology, and the trend toward ownership concentration over the past couple of decades has intensified the press skew towards the Conservative party. † (Alger, 1995: 408) This shows that the upper classes fail to think about the future consequences of political decisions, as all of the UK’s news corporation are privately owned it means that the ball is in their court, however, due to the decisions being made and the lack of public interest displayed in the news media today it has unintentionally ‘shot itself in the foot. This has then led to a reduction in political interest, due to the â€Å"compression of the gap between right-wind and left-wing politics† (Anderson & Ward, 2007: 27) this occurred as a result of commercialization, as news media started to concentrate on market values rather than the role they where traditional made for it became apparent that editors where increasing the number of stories which aligned with their political stance and more so, they would glamourize this by omission of important information.It system became blurred and peoples views on politics had changed, the traditional bonds and conformations had broken down. The under class would consider the future benefits of their decisions, they would condone things which in the long run would serve them greatl y however the upper class ignored the future consequences of their decisions and this led to a collapse in political conforms. Today is the perfect visual representation of the extent to which this has occurred; the current coalition government is a product of the news media and the lack of adequate and sufficient information.Other change that evolve and continually challenge political journalism are technological and at the fast pace it is moving news media is finding it difficult to conform to traditional news values and keep the quality of news among the most popular. The development in multi-channel television has created fragmented viewing habits for the audience; this has led to a decline in some of the highest forms of quality news such as, The 10 O’clock News.This has led to conglomeration and concentration of ownership, which creates a dominated market of privately owned corporations. Although this plays an essential part in reducing costs and pressures of news media it often conforms to market driven attitudes that are in complete opposition to the roles depicted by competitive and participatory democracies. â€Å"Murdoch’s orientation towards his newspaper â€Å"properties† is a centerpiece of the current trend. As he has said: â€Å"All newspapers run to make profits†¦.I don’t run anything for respectability†. Therefore, today’s quality newspapers â€Å"have descended to the slimy and sensational- a process that might better be called Murdochization. † (Alger, 1995: 408) This also led to the declining diversity in news provisions, as competition increased it was soon wiped-out by the conformation of large corporate companies which where then driven away from their traditional role to act as a watchdog and instead, more often than not, conform around commodification such as Murdoch’s. The most nfluential and fast-paced form of technology affecting the quality of news media has to be, the birth of the Internet; this offers unlimited access to news providers all over the world and outside of the journalism profession. â€Å" ‘What the hell were we all smoking that weekend? Is the question now asked at Time Warner, according to Rupert Murdoch, reflecting upon the decision by Time Warner to sell itself into a merger with American Online at the very peak of dotcom valuations, with the result that it inflicted huge, medium term misery on it’s own shareholders. (Hargreaves, 2003: 237) The Internet was curated by news media and only to be the destroyer, since the birth of the Internet the quality of news in traditional newspapers and television has plummeted only to become the start of another line of challenges facing journalist’s everyday. The internet expanded the news media market excessively creating a mass amount of jobs, â€Å"there were so many jobs, it became difficult to recruit people into journalism training courses† (Hargreaves, 2003 : 236) Newspapers where now battling not only with their paper based competition, but a whole new level of news media.As the online market grew at a phenomenal rate its affects on newspapers included trivialisation and commercialisation, as they had to compete for the readers. Newspapers where in decline â€Å"fewer people are reading these newspapers and circulations continue their steady decline from the peak year of 1989 reflecting, at least in part, the expansion of local radio, the spiraling costs of newsprint and growing access to the internet. (Allan, 2005: 140) Journalists ethics where thrown out the window and instead superiority was given to market values, again this moves away from the traditions of the news role in UK democracies. However, without the internet, news media would have never reached the mass audience it has. It became possible to communicate all over the world which led to word news, â€Å"the global nature of the new communications network means that ind ividuals can consume journalism all over the world. This allows journalists to, in one sense increase their skills to act as the watchdog role over society, â€Å"journalism today is a two-way street or rather a multidirectional process of boundaryless space† which gives them the ability to give us information which has prominence to us. Although this has created massive opportunities in some respect, it will always revolve around profit hungry organisations, one would not exist without the other. With the increase in technology an increase in a journalist skill also applies, the newsroom requires a multi-skilled journalist to be able to source and construct relevant stories.However, due to the decreasing news media market journalism has been led to ‘downsizing’ therefore, journalists are now required to do more, with this comes a failure in the idea of democratic media, omission being one of the key factors undermining todays news media quality. As journalists b ecome pressured it is apparent that a lack of important information can be an accidental mistake, â€Å"Evidently more journalists than ever are feeling alarmed about their professions credibility problems with the public, due in part to their perception that standards of accuracy are in decline. (Allan, 2005: 6) With an endless amount of content, this is inevitably going to apply to news media if they continue to make cuts; this in itself proves the undermining role of quality news in todays democracies, they are willing to sacrifice the important information and acting as a watchdog role, over making cuts to increase on profits. As the internet continues to build a news media empire, newspapers are inclined to follow suit and this is where the lack of journalist ethics appears. Editors, pressured by intense competition for readers, demand that staff cut ethical corners; and competition among staff encourages some to respond† (Hargreaves, 2003: 221) with the pressures to dow nsize journalists are forced to reconcile their role in society and conform to the multi-news corporations and their needs for increased profits.This has also resulted in a decline in independent journalist sources, newspaper are now relying on PR material to build a sustainable story, however, this causes the quality of news to disappear completely, they are building a headline to attract the viewer and then using bogus, second-hand information and sources to build the context. â€Å"The majority believes that the news media pay too little attention to complex stories. † (Allan, 2005: 7) This is a result off multi-corporate news organisations who often ignore the role in which journalism should play in the UK’s democracies defined by Stromback. Journalists in a commercial setting are primarily working for their shareholders’ profits† (Hargreaves, 2003: 178) as a result the quality of news has decreased and it merely concentrates on entertainment news. To conclude, quality news has decreased as a result of technological and economical challenges. The extent to this bares down to the journalist and their ethics, most of which have conformed to different ideologies by large news corporations.The role in which Stromback demands of the UK’s political journalism is highly unachieved in today’s society; this is due to the increased pressures from large competition in the global news media market today. â€Å"Underlying this global expansion are specific economic factors, First, media products have relatively low reproduction costs. Second, they can be resold without requiring any additional outlay by producers, and hence once production costs are covered, they generate pure profits for their owners. (Curran & Gurevitch, 2005: 94) It has become an unavoidable need to concentrate on the market values due to the high number of privately owned news corporations, as a result of this journalist ethics and intentions within a democ racy, outlined by Stromback are completely ignored. The news media is now in a situation where it coexists with market values, it is unavoidable and an inevitable fact that this has resulted in the commercialisation and sensationalism of quality news. British local press is characterized by a sustained decline in the number of published titles, publisher’s readers and circulations although, paradoxically, this decline coexists with robust and expansive advertising revenues and profits. † (Allan, 2005: 141) it is now unavoidable and can not be undone, without multi-channel television or the birth of the internet would not have come this global force which allows the public to explore willingly, the news media, whether it is written professionally or not. 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Thematic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thematic paper - Essay Example The New Testament is a succession of the old testaments, despite the presence of Jesus Christ in the new testaments God retains a substantial aspect of the book often appearing in a confirmation of the holy trinity. In the New Testament, He appears withdrawn as Jesus undertakes most of His assignments. However, through the Holy spirit especially after the death of Jesus Christ God’s omnipresence becomes conspicuous. The wrath of God becomes eminent right from the book of Genesis, God punishes Adam and Eve after they eat from a tree he had forbade them not to. God expressed His anger by cursing man and sending him out of the garden and promising that He would toil and eventually die. God’s anger becomes evident again in the same book when Cain and Abel offer him sacrifices. Abel pleased God by offering the best of his produce, Cain’s sacrifices on the other hand failed to please God. Cain therefore killed his brother because of the jealousy, God became angry and banished him from his presence and cursed his entire descendants. The two stories portray God as a perfect being who does not glorify sin. He curses man and bestows death upon him when he falls to the snares of the devil. However, the two also portrays Him as a compassionate being who despite His anger retains his calm and gives man a second chance despite his failures most of which annoy him. God retains a personal touch with man often blessing some of his most faithful servants while banishing and punishing those who sin against him thereby provoking his anger. The story of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah exhibit yet another portrayal of God’s anger. The two cities had fallen into anarchy with the people resorting to sin. The people of Sodom and Gomorrah fornicated and worshiped idols. God expressed his anger by sending Lot, his most faithful servant in the city, and his family out of the city before setting the two cities ablaze thereby destroying property and killing all the sinful

M7A2- Corporate Social Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

M7A2- Corporate Social Final - Essay Example The paper will provide an introduction of the benefits of CSR, the roles played by technology in enhancing CSR and challenges associated with technology in CSR. Finally, the paper will make recommendations for further research. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) entails all voluntary activities that are undertaken by business organizations in order to promote the social welfare of the society (Benn & Bolton, 2011). Companies participate in CSR through conserving the environment and meeting the differing needs of all stakeholders in the organization. Accordingly, CSR promotes business sustainability through ethical practices, making social investments and ensuring transparency in all business activities (Sims, 2003). Modern corporations adhere promote human rights, environmental protection and diversity in order to meet the social expectations of the society. In deed, CSR ensures that businesses acknowledge the negative impact of their operations on the natural environment in order to undertake measures that will conserve the ecological environment and control climate change (Sims, 2003). Modern technology has played numerous roles in facilitating business operations and CSR activities. For instance, sup erior manufacturing technology leads to higher product quality and efficiency in the manufacturing process thus reducing raw materials wastage. Johnson & Brennan (2002) asserts that the emergence of internet and associated communication technologies has enabled the businesses to monitor the changes in stakeholder needs and establish channels of communication that aim at maintaining cordial relations (Crane, 2008). Proponents of CSR assert that technology can be used to improve the ‘triple bottom line’ through financial, environmental and social returns. In this case, the technology will enhance the human resource processes such as recruitment, retention and risk management in order to minimize instances

Free Trade during Colonialism vs. Free Trade during Globalization Essay

Free Trade during Colonialism vs. Free Trade during Globalization - Essay Example This paper analyses the major similarities and differences between free trade during colonialism and free trade during globalization. Free trade: Colonialism vs. globalization An unexpected transformation occurred in the aftermath of the economic downturn or depression which began in 1873 in Europe and North America. With barriers to trade rising, production standing still, and new competitors such as Germany and the United States industrializing, the search for new markets and sources of raw materials intensified in the direction of colonial expansion (Saul, n.d.). Colonial powers tried to safeguard their business interests during nineteenth and twentieth centuries rather than thinking too much about the rights of the nations under their control. The concept of free trade was another mechanism for them to exploit the resources of nations under their control. The current free trade which is the concept of globalization promotes neo-colonialism which is sharp in contrast with the prin ciples of free trade implemented by the colonial powers in the past. It should be noted that neo-colonialism is a practice of promoting capitalism, globalization and cultural co-operation between countries. In other words, current free trade has the ability to contribute heavily to the vast sectors of global population whereas the free trade during colonialism was confined within the boundaries of the nations under colonial rule. Current free trade helped â€Å"the globalization of a free market economy, the standardization and homogenization of production and the fixing of world prices in economies which are at unequal stages of economic and technological development† (In Opposition to Free Market Globalization and Neo Colonialism, We Say: No to APEC, 2004) Former Nobel Prize winner and renowned American economist Paul Krugman argued that free trade developed as a result of globalization has brought many opportunities to this world. In his opinion, â€Å"the view that free trade is the best of all possible policies is part of the general case for laissez-faire in a market economy and rests on the proposition that markets are efficient (Krugman, 1987, p.134). On the other hand, trade scenarios during colonialism were entirely different from the current trade scenario. Current market is extremely efficient and heavily competitive compared to the market in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Instead of conflict, co-operation seems to be the principle undertaken by the free trade of modern era. In other words, free trade of globalization is perceived as helpful to all countries irrespective of their socioeconomic conditions. On the other hand, free trade during colonialism suited only to the interests of the colonial powers. Theory of comparative advantage was promoted by free trade of globalization era whereas free trade policies during colonialism were revolved around the interests of the colonial powers. The theory of comparative advantage promotes the view that good of natural environment and industrial abilities of each country should be exported. It also cites that free market is another ideologically based intervention in ways that maintain the economic and political status quo (Gonzalez, 2006, p.65). Free trade evolved out of globalization, helps countries to sell their products in global markets where the

Proposed Sources, Strategy, and Method for Project Essay

Proposed Sources, Strategy, and Method for Project - Essay Example The paper will discuss the rationale behind the choices of recruitment and sampling methods. It will also describe permissions required for use of the data collected and determine a suitable sample size. The paper will also discuss the various strengths and weaknesses of the tentative recruitment strategy and sampling method. In formulating a research proposal, a researcher has to define the kind of data to be collected so as to give accurate results. The researcher needs to employ a data sampling method. Once the type of data required has been defined, data sources must be identified. These data sources may include research participants who need to be recruited for the research. The research requires a suitable recruitment strategy to get the suitable research participants. As suggested by Adler and Clark (2010), data that pertains to the financial performance of corporate companies would be sourced through financial statements of listed companies. They would also be sourced from other financial publications like minutes to General Meetings, magazines and newspaper articles as well as stocks listings. Meta-analysis of past quantitative research with a sample size of 1000 observations will be another data source. Surveys, interviews and portfolios of the companies will also serve as data sources. A survey will be conducted, with questionnaires sent to participants via mail and follow-up calls made to encourage response. Following examples by Teddlie and Tashakkori (2009), the research’s sampling frame will include corporate managers in the public relations, marketing, accounting and finance departments. They would represent companies listed on the stock exchange as these companies’ financial records are accessible to the public. A survey questionnaire would be sent to the specific manager by mail. A cover letter would be included that explains the need for the research and what the respondent is

Researching a career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Researching a career - Essay Example A typical job of an accountant is an 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. routine schedule, Mondays to Fridays, or a traditional 40-hour per week full time position. A typical day would involve the following activities: working in front of the computers, processing relevant accounting information, communicating with peers and superiors, preparation of financial reports (including encoding, updating, forecasting), solving problems related to accounting, and maintaining close interaction and collaboration with other stakeholders in the organization (Summary Report for Accountants). The education requirements for this career are: a bachelor’s degree in accounting or business administration. Passing board examinations to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA); and certifications or licenses sought from various accounting organizations and agencies, such as the: Institute of Management Accountants, Institute of Internal Auditors, and Information Systems Audit and Control Association, to name a few. Accordingly, the prospects for this career is optimistic: â€Å"employment of accountants and auditors is projected to grow 13 percent from 2012 to 2022, about as fast as the average for all occupations† (Bureau of Labor Statistics: Job Outlook par. 1). This was corroborated by information from the O*Net Online that indicated average growth prospects ranging from 8% to 14% for the years 2012 to 2022 (Summary Report for Accountants). The most challenging parts of the career would be during times of audit; when the organization they serve is being monitored, evaluated, and reviewed by external auditors to verify the accuracy of the financial reports being disclosed. Likewise, it was also noted that â€Å"longer hours are typical at certain times of the year, such as at the end of the budget year or during tax season† (Bureau of Labor Statistics: Work Enviroment par. 2). The most rewarding things about the career include being

Detailed Implementation of BHDs Goals and Objectives Research Paper

Detailed Implementation of BHDs Goals and Objectives - Research Paper Example The gun and firearms retail store catering to the customer’s penchant to learn to shoot prior to buying their preferred firearm choices. Second, the sports complex has a paintball shooting area. Projected Operational Income Statement. The operational plan’s projected income statement is based on Dickie’s actual performance. Appendix A shows the BHD’s projected income statement. The projection is based on Hillsboro’s 42,000 target age group market segment. The same projected annual income statement incorporates the target market’s 15 per cent buyers. The computation is grounded on Dickie’s quarterly income statement (http://www.google.com/finance?fstype=ii&q=NYSE:DKS). Four P’s of the company’s operational Marketing Plan (Habiyaremye, 2011). Product. The BHD entity sells diverse products. The products are guns and ammunition for the sports buffs, sports equipment, firing range services, and paintball game services. BHD com plies with all gun law requirements, including the Gun Control Act (18 U.S. C. Chapter 44) as well as the National Firearms Act (26 U.S.C. Chapter 53) (http://www.atf.gov/regulations-rulings/laws/). The BHD Corporation’s paintball sports arena complies with Oregon’s safety, environment, and other legal requirements. Price. The prices of BHD’s products are similar to the average competitors’ selling prices.  Ã‚   Demographical data shows that Oregon has 3.8 million residents. Within the Oregon States, Washington County has 530 thousand residents. In addition, Washington County’s Hillsboro City has 92 thousand residents.